In October 1995, Mayor Rudy Giuliani initiated his “Quality of Life Campaign.” His mission was to rid areas like Times Square of its adult entertainment businesses, making way for the theatres, corporate tenants, and shopping centers that currently dominate the neighborhood. The campaign operated through a series of restrictive zoning laws that made it illegal for sex shops of any sort to stand within “500 feet of residential areas, schools, day care centres, houses of worship—or each other.”3 The statute drove adult entertainment businesses to the wings of the city or closed them altogether, leaving only thirty establishments active by 1997. Even with this significant drop off, however, Giuliani would still assert, “in my personal opinion, one is too many.”